India and Its Neighbouring Countries: A Simple Geography Guide for Students

Introduction

India is one of South Asia’s most strategically important countries because it is in the middle of the continent. India shares borders with many countries, which affects its relationships with other countries in the region. India has a large land area, a rich cultural past, and a changing government system.

Understanding India and its neighbouring countries is crucial for students’ academic success. But learning about geography, foreign ties, and being a good global citizen is also necessary. Students can better understand how India’s borders affect trade, security, and relations in the area if they know about its history, geography, and borders.

List of India’s Neighbouring Countries

India shares its land and maritime boundaries with several countries. This makes it one of the few nations with such a diverse set of neighbours.

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A Labelled Political Map Of India That Shows All Bordering Countries

Land Borders

India shares land borders with seven countries:

  • Pakistan
  • China
  • Nepal
  • Bhutan
  • Bangladesh
  • Myanmar
  • Afghanistan (via the Pakistan-occupied Kashmir region)

Maritime Borders

India also has maritime borders with:

  • Sri Lanka
  • Maldives

This list forms the foundational understanding of India and its neighbouring countries, helping students grasp the broader regional map.

Geographical Features of the Borders

The geography of India varies significantly across its borders, which are shaped by mountains, rivers, forests, and seas.

  • Himalayan Region: The northern borders of India, shared with China, Nepal, and Bhutan, are dominated by the Himalayan mountain ranges. These natural barriers provide both protection and isolation. This region includes snow-covered peaks, deep valleys, and high-altitude passes.
  • Plains and Rivers: To the east, India shares its border with Bangladesh, which is characterised by fertile plains and major rivers like the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna. On the west, the border with Pakistan includes the Thar Desert and the fertile Punjab plains, intersected by the Indus River.
  • Coastal Borders: India’s southern borders, shared with Sri Lanka and the Maldives, are maritime in nature. These borders stretch across the Indian Ocean, with the Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar separating India from Sri Lanka.

Border Lengths and Key Bordering States

India has a land border of 15,106.7 km and a coastline of 7,516.6 km, including maritime boundaries (Source: Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India).

Here are the approximate border lengths India shares with its neighbours:

  • Bangladesh: 4,096.7 km (longest)
  • China: 3,488 km
  • Pakistan: 3,323 km
  • Nepal: 1,751 km
  • Myanmar: 1,643 km
  • Bhutan: 699 km
  • Afghanistan: 106 km (via PoK, not under Indian control)
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A State-Wise Map Of India With Highlighted Borders

Key Indian States Sharing Borders:

Pakistan

  • Punjab
  • Rajasthan
  • Jammu & Kashmir (now split into J&K and Ladakh)
  • Ladakh

China

  • Ladakh
  • Himachal Pradesh
  • Uttarakhand
  • Sikkim
  • Arunachal Pradesh

Bangladesh

  • West Bengal
  • Assam
  • Meghalaya
  • Tripura
  • Mizoram

Myanmar

  • Arunachal Pradesh
  • Nagaland
  • Manipur
  • Mizoram

Nepal

  • Uttarakhand
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Bihar
  • West Bengal
  • Sikkim

Bhutan

  • Sikkim
  • West Bengal
  • Assam
  • Arunachal Pradesh

Afghanistan

  • Border exists through Pakistan-occupied Kashmir (disputed territory)

This data clarifies India’s border length and connects it to the political geography of the Indian states.

Historical Context of Borders

Understanding how these borders came into existence is crucial to studying India and its neighbouring countries.

  • Partition of India (1947): As a result of the Partition, Pakistan was born. In the northeast and northwest, it drew new borders. Although this aspect is still up for debate, the split indirectly established a border with Afghanistan. 
  • Treaty of Sugauli (1815): British East India Company and Nepalese monarchy officials signed this deal. There has been relative calm between India and Nepal ever since it mapped out much of their present-day boundary. 
  • McMahon Line (1914): During the Simla Convention, this was the proposed line between British India and Tibet. Despite China’s complaints about its legitimacy, it serves as the de facto boundary between the two countries, especially in Arunachal Pradesh. 
  • Recent Developments: Tensions between India and China are seen in border clashes (such as the incident in Galwan Valley in 2020). The Land Boundary Agreement (2015) between Bangladesh and India settled boundary issues and exchanged enclaves.

Importance of Understanding Borders

It’s not enough to just memorise maps to understand limits. It helps you learn to think critically about society, politics, and geography. This is why it’s essential to know about India’s borders: 

  • Educational Significance: A key component of school geography is learning about India and its neighbouring countries. It helps you learn how to read maps, understand space, and be more aware in general. 
  • Geopolitical Awareness: Regarding trade, defence strategy, and foreign policy, borders matter. Students can more effectively follow current events by comprehending the borders of India with Pakistan, China, Nepal, and other nations. 
  • Cultural Insights: Borders also affect how people from different cultures interact with each other. India has much in common with its neighbours regarding language, food, and traditions, especially with Nepal, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. 

Interactive Activities for Students

Students can try hands-on activities that enhance memory and understanding to make learning about India and its neighbouring countries more engaging. Here are a few simple and fun exercises:

Map Labeling

Give students a blank political map of India and ask them to:

  • Label all neighbouring countries of India
  • Colour-code land and maritime borders
  • Mark the capitals of each neighbouring country

Quiz

Ask questions like:

  • What is the capital of Bhutan?
  • Which state shares borders with Myanmar and Bangladesh?
  • What separates India and Sri Lanka?

Discussion

Organise a classroom session where students can discuss:

  • “Why is peaceful border-sharing important for economic growth?”
  • “Should borders be open like the India-Nepal model?”

Conclusion

India’s borders are not just political lines on a map but gateways to history, culture, and diplomacy. Each border tells a unique story, from the snow-covered mountains of the north to the tropical seas of the south. A thorough understanding of India and its neighbouring countries equips students with knowledge that is essential for academic success and informed citizenship.

Encourage yourself to explore beyond textbooks. Study the maps, watch documentaries, and read about India’s neighbours to appreciate the beauty and complexity of South Asia.

FAQ

Which countries share a border with India?

India shares land borders with Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, Myanmar, and Afghanistan. Maritime borders are with Sri Lanka and the Maldives.

What is the length of India’s land border?

India’s total land border is approximately 15,106.7 km. (Source: Ministry of Home Affairs)

How many states share borders with India’s neighbours?

18 Indian states and union territories share borders with neighbouring countries.

What are the major geographical features of India’s borders?

India’s borders feature the Himalayas in the north, river plains in the east and west, and coastal waters in the south.

Why is understanding India’s borders important?

It enhances geographic literacy, builds regional awareness, and fosters a deeper understanding of historical, political, and cultural dynamics.

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Ms. Indrani Singh

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Ms. Indrani Singh possesses a MSc and B.Ed degree to her credit. She has over 10 years of experience in the field of education and has climbed the rungs of leadership with her sheer dedication, hard work and love for her profession. She joined as the Head of Chrysalis Kids in 2013, which is a pre primary school of Chrysalis. Her out of box thinking and her ideology of doing the right thing for the children have helped her to pioneer new processes to make learning an enriching experience for the children. Across a period of seven years, Ms. Indrani Singh has become a flag bearer of Chrysalis vision, especially the PUPA (Prior Understanding of Pupil Attributes) Program. Indrani brought in the idea of Pre-CHAMPS to all Chrysalis schools. Known for her ideation & focus on quality, Indrani leaves no stone unturned to ensure children have a wonderful learning experience at Chrysalis. In 2017, she was made Associate Academic Director – Pre Primary & again promoted to Academic Director – Pre Primary, a role she handles along with the responsibilities of Chrysalis High, Marq. Under her supervision and guidance, many initiatives like Pre-CHAMPS, AwSTEM, Festival of learning were initiated and appreciated by all. Today she handles multitude of responsibilities from heading two schools to overseeing the Pre-Primary Curriculum Team of Chrysalis as the Academic Director. In addition to these profiles, she was recently promoted as Chief Vision Officer to propel PUPA, an initiative of Chrysalis, to greater heights. To this day, her ideas and her sheer determination to always try something different and new makes her a formidable and integral part of Chrysalis. With an unending pandemic looming over us, the future for education looked uncertain. But Ms. Indrani with her belief that learning should not stop for the children, ideated on the perfect balance of online and live class model to suit the learning styles of the children. The plan started with what best would suit the children and also help the working parents who were facing their own challenges and obstacles. The online model started with curriculum videos which the Chrysalis teachers recorded with the right guidance and methodology which was well defined by her. The live classes began with once a week class to slowly introduce the children to digital learning. With children adapting to live class, the sessions increased to add more to their knowledge. Teachers were sensitized about the challenges of live class and how to ensure that they do the right thing for the children and be an integral part in their learning given the circumstances. Providing the right support to parents and the challenges they faced, were also key elements of the whole digital teaching process. Providing individual support to the children was one way to ensure we partnered with parents to provide the right support to the children and ensure that the learning did not stop.

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Salient Features

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  • Trained drivers in each bus.
  • Trained lady attendants to take care of your child in each bus.
  • Mandatory First-Aid kits in all buses.
  • Regular checking by school administration staff to ensure safety of your child.
  • All buses are GPS enabled and for better monitoring, we have in-bus CCTV system complete with camera and recorder.

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To supervise students during lunchtime, a teacher is appointed for monitoring each table. Children are trained to keep themselves clean and display correct dining manners.

Reverse Osmosis systems for purifying drinking water are available across the campus throughout the day.

Student Safety and School Security

safety-and-security

Safety Always a step ahead!

Chrysalis is inarguably the only school where at no point of time, any child is left without supervision of a female teacher!

CCTV Cameras- Entire premises

  • All classrooms
  • Corridors
  • Outdoor areas

Precautionary measures

  • Presence of a female teacher for all CHAMPS activities
  • Presence of a female teacher in all the classes handled by male teachers

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The values we would love to instill in our students at Chrysalis High are strongly rooted in our hearts by our compassionate and efficient school heads and mentors and model them to our students.

The induction programme has been nothing short of immense learning and much-needed guidance to face all our challenges head-on and it has helped prepare ourselves for the year ahead.

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Suhasini. S
Secondary Teacher

Chrysalis High team integrates compassion into their teaching standards, emphasizes the importance of values and builds leaders through each of their classes and lessons. It allows for a lower student to teacher ratio. Online teaching during difficult times of Covid – 19 was indeed a huge challenge for all schools but the support provided by the school to transcend the challenge of teaching students by providing apt and timely training to teachers in online teaching methodology is commendable. This has been very useful to students as well as their parents. The teachers had worked hard in coming up with innovative methods of teaching to keep the students up breast with subjects with their enthusiasm intact.  It’s been a wonderful journey for me at Chrysalis High so far.  The entire team works in unison with one thought in mind – the betterment of the children.

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Upasana Banerjee –
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I am very happy studying at Chrysalis High Bannerghatta Road. I got admission during the lockdown period. The online classes were well organized and very interactive.

I gained a lot of knowledge during online classes, and the teachers understood us quickly and were there for us at all times. Even though we didn’t meet personally, the atmosphere at Chrysalis was always very warm and supportive. Even though online classes were new to everyone, our teachers were able to identify where we were lagging, and they provided Individual Support Classes (ISP).

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Faculty, Chrysalis High Marq

I have been a student at Chrysalis High Marq for two school years and from what I have experienced, I can tell you it is a great school. The staff is excellent and the rules help keep the school safe and in order.

There is an equal balance of learning and reviewing the information. There are enrichment activity classes as well to where we have life skill and ink well sessions that help in the refinement and polishing of the mind. Chrysalis has initiated many activities for students. We have engrossing and fun-filled Indoor Champs, Performing Arts classes, Buddy interaction time etc. The teachers in Chrysalis are hardworking and determined . I am so proud and lucky to go to Chrysalis!

Sean Lennon
Grade VIII